The article proposes that human’s are naturally altruism versus inherently selfishness, suggesting that prevailing views may stem from rather recent (western) philosophical ideologies compared to our time on the planet and age of other cultures.
Psychological egoism argues that all actions are ultimately self-serving, supported by figures like Hobbes and Mandeville. However, critics like Hume and Butler advocate for genuine altruistic motivations. Ricard combines philosophical insights with scientific research in neuroscience and evolutionary biology, asserting that humans have an innate capacity for altruism that can be nurtured for broader impact.
Jason Waddell 